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Fisheries : Fish Farming-Con
- Down Side of Fish Farms
-- Commercial fish farming, which is viewed as the best alternative to depleting the large finfish and shellfish populations in ocean waters, may become a major threat to other fish populations, a new study warns.
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- Do fish farms really add to the world's supply of fish?
-- While ocean fisheries are in decline, commercial fish farming or aquaculture is booming. Farmers now produce more than one-fourth of all the finfish and shellfish worldwide. This rapid rise in aquaculture production "is a mixed blessing, however, for the sustainability of ocean fisheries."
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Fisheries : Overfishing Exaggerated : United States
- Researcher Says Salmon Runs Have Always Fluctuated
-- Claims that salmon populations are over-fished are exaggerated. Long before there was commercial fishing, salmon populations varied widely. An article published in the scientific journal 'Nature' reached that conclusion by studying layers of sediment from the bottom of an Alaska lake.
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Habitat Destruction : Coral Reefs
- Coral reefs: Are we doing too little too late?
-- The world's coral reefs are taking a beating. Scientists and government officials around the world know about the problem, but is too little being done and is it already too late?
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Mining-Drilling-Harvesting : Oil Drilling
Ocean Facts and Figures : General
- Coastal and Ocean Facts and Figures
-- Impressive factsheet. "Oceans and marginal seas account for nearly 71% of the Earth's surface...Almost 98% of the Earth's water is included in the oceans and sea ice...In 1993, 56% of the U.S. commercial fishery catch came from Alaskan waters...The United Nations reports that world commercial fishery landings are 101.4 million metric tons..."
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- Ocean facts and statistics
-- Contains information on fisheries, geography, sealife, polar regions, pollution, minerals, territorial waters, EEZs, etc.
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Ocean Laws and Legislation : International Laws
- Law of the Sea Page
-- Provides a list of links to major international agreements on ocean policy.
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Ocean Laws and Legislation : US-Current Federal Laws
- Database of Federal and State Ocean Laws
-- (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)
"A complex and multi-layered system of laws, organizations, and strategies exist to manage and govern use of ocean resources. This page provides an overview of the current framework through the use of links to legislative summaries and supporting information."
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Pollution : Deep Sea Dumping
- Dredge Dumping
-- About 400 million cubic yards of sediment are dredged each year by federal, state and local governments, and private interests such as marinas, to keep the nation's waterways open. One method for disposing of this dredged material is dumping it in the ocean. Some of the material is contaminated by pollutants and does not meet the environmental criteria which allow it to be dumped into the ocean.
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- Deep-Sea Biodiversity and the Impacts of Ocean Dumping
-- The discovery that the deep sea may be as biodiverse as a tropical rainforest comes at a time of mounting pressure to use every available square foot for development. A major problem of the 21st century will be what to do with the vast increases in waste that a growing population will produce. The oceans are likely to become an option for waste management in the future.
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Pollution : Oil Spills
- It's Not So Slick When Oil Ends Up in the Sea
-- About 29 million gallons of petroleum enters the oceans off North America each year, shows a new study by the National Research Council. The report finds that about 85 percent of that pollution can be blamed not on massive oil spills, but on the lesser amounts released by airplanes, swept into polluted rivers and from the largest culprits: recreational boats and runoff from the land.
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Pollution : Pollution-Exaggerated
- Nature Spills the Most Oil, Not Man
-- "Most of the oil polluting the oceans off the coasts of North America does not come from leaky oil tankers or pipelines. It occurs naturally as seepage from the seabeds."
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Pollution : Pollution-Harmful
- A Look at the Impact of Plastic on Ocean Ecosystems
-- ("Trashing the Oceans")
An armada of plastic rides the waves, and sea creatures are suffering. Most Americans know about the hazard posed by six-pack rings. But researchers are finding that plastic litter doesn’t just strangle wildlife or spoil the view. Plastic is not just an aesthetic problem; it can actually change entire ecosystems.
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Spending and Costs : Spending on Federal Ocean Programs
- Why No Ocean Program?
-- A Libertarian wonders why so much is spent on Nasa programs - rather than ocean programs.
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